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Fill valves in the back of toilets are classified as liquid level-actuated valves. Basically, when the water rises to a predetermined level, a device turns off the valve filling the tank. The method of actuating this valve is quite simple compared to other valve actuation, which are used for the automation of industrial valves and found in many kinds of technical processes from wastewater treatment, power plants to refineries. Valve automation can differ in design and dimension, with valve diameters ranging from centimeters to meters.

Actuators are typically attached to the stem of a valve. In response to a signal, valve actuators move a valve to a desired placement from an outside power source. Manual valve actuators typically do not need outside power sources unless they are large and require extra torque. They use a handwheel to drive gears which supply enough torque to close the valve thoroughly. Electric actuators use single-phase or three-phase AC or DC current to create the required torque. Pneumatic actuators change air pressure into rotary or linear motion, while hydraulic actuators do the same only with the fluid pressure of oil or water. These actuators require pressurized lines to supply the actuators: an inlet line and an outlet line. Pilot valves in the actuator lines have charge of the air or liquid supply going to the actuators. All of these components are quickly available through pipe, valve, and fitting (PVF) distributors who specialize in the application of these valves and actuators in various businesses, situations, and environments.

Rotary motion valves such as ball, plug, and butterfly valves move from open to close, commonly a quarter-turn or more, but can also involve multiple turns (360

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