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Total stations can easily now carry out the vast majority of the steps that have been historically performed by theodolites or transits. In addition they carry out the particular duties more reliably and quickly.

The total station possesses three main parts namely; the electronic distance measuring component (EDM); the angle measurement component and the processing unit CPU.

These devices can automatically observe horizontal angles and vertical angles, as well as distances along a slope, from a simple single create. From these types of measurements they can easily , at the click of a button, calculate the horizontal and vertical distances, elevations and the coordinates of the points sighted, and display the actual results on a liquid crystal display screen. The information can easily be saved onboard or even transmitted to external equipment.

The telescope is an important element of any total station instrument. It is mounted between the instrument’s standards, and after the instrument has been setup level, it can easily be turned or plunged, so that the actual axis of sight describes a vertical plane. The axis about which the telescope revolves is called the horizontal axis. The telescope may also be rotated in any azimuthal plane about a vertical line which usually is called the vertical axis. Being able to both revolve and rotate about these axis enables the operator to target the device in any azimuth, and along any gradient to sight the observed points. This is of course essential when calculating angles. The device possesses three reference axes, the sight line, the horizontal and the vertical axes.

Total stations are usually produced with a pair of graduated circles that are mounted in perpendicular planes. The instrument is set up so that the horizontal ring is horizontal. This immediately sets the vertical plane. Current instruments can now perform a basic self leveling procedure from a nominal level situation.

The total station will certainly have quite a few pre-programmed functions that usually are selectable through the main and sub menus on the Liquid crystal display screen. The device will of course provide a detailed or summary help functionality. Prompting the operator to do the up coming required operation. Whilst this will not do away with the requirement for basic training. It is a great means of making certain proper operation.

Many total stations can perform sophisticated computations on the actual data being measured in ‘real time’ or at the click of a button after the measurement has bee taken.

There are a number of associated pieces of equipment that are usually frequently associated with a total station. These could include leica retro, tripods as well as nail markers and prisms.

Quite a few total stations can now be worked from another location. The operator can set the device and then move about with a remote positioning device. The total station can then be operated to track until it locates the prism remote unit, then record the location. The keyboard on the remote unit can completely operate the total station and therefore a single person could conduct a complete survey following setup of the station.

In many cases it is essential to be able to re-establish the stations for up coming surveys. In this kind of scenario survey nails would probably be utilised in order to form a more permanent reference point. The total station can then be set up over the particular mark for subsequent surveys.

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